Thursday, 29 September 2011

Textual Analysis Examples


Christina Aguilera - You Lost Me


This is the music video for the 2010 song 'You Lost Me' by Christina Aguilera. This song is from the pop genre. Pop usually aims at mainstream audiences rather than to a particular sub- genre or ideology. The song is from the album 'Bionic' and the label is RCA records. RCA records is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment. This song is about Christina Aguilera breaking up with her boyfriend as he cheated on her.


The video opens with a smoking gun which suggests Christina may kill herself or someone. It also connotes death and danger. The smoke and gun looks like its set in an older era. It looks like an old Hollywood style. The smoke also represents danger. The camera pans to Christina who appears in darkness which connotes she is alone and upset. The camera zooms out which connotes she is distancing herself away from everyone.  She is wearing makeup however her clothing is unglamorous which connotes she doesn't care as she is feeling too depressed. Her black clothing connotes she is grieving. The way she is standing when she is holding herself shows she is in a vulnerable state. Fades have been used which suggests she's lost to the world so she's fading away. Close ups have been used which is conventional for music videos but in this video it creates a more personal connection for the audience. There are two contrasting looks, at first the room she is in looks like it is abandoned and old. The room connotes how her life is now and how she is feeling - empty. It is also suggesting there is nothing in the room because they are lost just like the man she was with lost her. A tracking shot is used and when she is walking the location changes. The location is all coal. The coal suggests coldness and it is representing how she feels. She is lying on the coal which is suggesting she is feeling sad. The camera pans and then a close up is used on Christina’s face. Her makeup is running down her face which is showing she is crying to let go of the pain. I am going to use this scene in my music video as I feel my artist feels the same way and also it is revealing her true emotions. When Christina is in the coal location it becomes a lighter colour. This colour could represent fire as she is still on coal. She takes her top off which connotes she is getting rid of her pain. When Christina is fighting with the man who grabs her, the man has a big build and is very athletic. When she pulls away it suggests she is still strong and is trying to cope. The other look is when the background goes bright which connotes she has found happiness and freedom. Her clothing also changes to white which connotes happiness, purity and can also suggest she is in heaven now because she may have killed herself (the smoking gun at the beginning). The primary purpose of this video is to sell the song. Christina performs in the song by lip-synching to the camera. CGI effects have been used to create the lights which go around Christina. The lights can represent her soul going to heaven as she has been killed. It could also show she is going to heaven. The final location is a blue and white background. The blue can represent the sky which suggests she has gone to heaven. The audience of this song is Christina Aguilera fans and 15-30 year old females. The song would most probably be shown on TV which gives it a global audience.


For my music video I was considering to use two different coloured costumes like this music video for example white when my singer is singing in rain and black with fire as that connotes fear and danger, having the rain and fire will link with my song.

Kelly Clarkson - Because Of You



This music video is for the song 'Because of You' by Kelly Clarkson which was released in 2005. The song is from the album 'Breakaway' and the label is RCA Records.

The narrative of the music video is clear; it is Kelly Clarkson and her boyfriend arguing. In the video her younger self appears, this is making Kelly remember all what happened when she was younger when her parents were arguing and divorcing. The location is in a middle class home, this suggests that the video is aimed at all audiences as it is underlining an important issue associated with many people’s lives. Another location is a dark room with mirrors. Kelly is wearing a red cardigan, a casual black top and jeans at the start of the video. This costume is casual which reflects her life style. She is wearing her every day clothes to fit with the mise en scene and her everyday life. An establishing shot is used and we see through the window that the couple are arguing. The window connotes they are trapped. We can't hear what the couple are saying however through their body language we can see they are arguing. The argument is fast paced which can suggest their lives are going by fast. The tracking shot when Kelly is walking backwards connotes she is going back in time and remembering her past. Her costume changes to a blue dress. When Kelly is walking there are photo frames along the hallway. These are representing her past life and how she is going back in time. Time freezes to allow Kelly to go back in time. This is showing that she can change the future if she wants. Kelly turns back to look at the audience which connotes she is letting the audience know she is going to go back in time or change the future. It is allowing the audience to become involved.

Kelly looks into a long mirror and sees a younger version of herself. The mirror is connoting her old life and is showing the audience she may still feel like her old self. An over the shoulder shot allows the audience to see the younger version and the camera does an upward tilt to view the younger version of the girl. The camera cuts to Kelly in a new location and fast cuts are used. She is in a black room with mirrors. The mirrors are giving off many reflections which connote her old life. Also it could suggest she is singing to her old self telling her how she will change her new life. There are many close ups with Kelly dressed in black. This connotes fear and grief. A tracking shot is used when Kelly and her younger self hold hands to see a past memory. When they hold hands it connotes they feel safe with one another as they are the same person. The audience are being voyeuristic as the audience are watching them from the doorway. The younger version of Kelly is wearing a white dress which can connote innocence, it is also old fashioned which shows she is from the past. A long shot is used when both Kelly’s watching a memory of the younger Kelly and her father. A close up is used when younger Kelly passes her father a picture but he pushes it to the side. This is used to show he didn’t care about her. A pan is used to show that Kelly’s father isn’t at the dinner table. The pan is showing the empty seats to suggest the distance is far between the parents in everyday life. It is raining outside which connotes sadness. There is a close up of the dinner that Kelly’s mum is throwing in the bin. This is representing her mum and dad’s relationship is bad. A close up is used when Kelly’s mum looks out the door window. The lighting is dark which can connote the mum is scared and worried about her situation with her husband. It can also connote she is in the dark with the situation as she doesn’t know what is going to happen.

A long shot is used to show both parents sat in the living room. They are both sat far apart which can represent the relationship has become distant. After Kelly’s dad is walking outside the older Kelly is stood on the stairs. A high angle is used to show she is vulnerable and insecure. The younger Kelly is outside helping her father with his suitcase but he leaves her. She is stood alone and the older Kelly is also stood in the same position which shows she still remembers that day. The older Kelly begins to run back to her family. This shows she is desperate to make sure her boyfriend won’t leave their child. An over the shoulder shot is used when Kelly and her boyfriend make up. This is to reveal her own daughter and it is showing she won’t let the same thing what happened to her happen to her own family. The video ends with a close up of Kelly then it fades out. The purpose of this video is to sell the record but also it reflects society as divorce is a large problem. It allows audiences to relate. Kelly performs in the song by lip-synching to the camera. The audience of this song is Kelly Clarkson fans and 15-30 year old females. The song would most probably be shown on TV which gives it a global audience.

Jessie J - Who You Are



This music video is for the song 'Who You Are' by Jessie J which was released in 2011. This song is from the album 'Who You Are'.
The video starts with Jessie J sat on the chair in silence which suggests the song she will sing will be emotional for her as she needs time to start. She begins lip synching to the camera. She is wearing a black sports bra and a white top over it with a gold necklace. Her clothes are not glamorous which connotes she is just being who she is and not being glamorous which is how everyone sees celebrities. She isn't wearing any shoes which shows she is comfortable at home. She is representing all women and girls and is showing everyone that it doesn't matter what you look like. The bedroom looks old fashioned which connotes she doesn't care about wealth. The room has only two lights on the walls and a small lamp. There is an en suite bathroom which connotes privacy. The carpet is green and the walls are a pale colour. The plain and miss matched colours suggests she doesn’t care and she has her own individual style. The camera cuts and Jessie J is sat on the bed on the white sheets. The white sheets connote purity. Her body language connotes vulnerability as she is holding herself. The camera cuts when she is in the toilet in darkness. This shows she is thinking about who she is. The darkness suggests she may be hiding from what she is really like.
When she is sat on the bed and tries the gold bracelet on and takes it off suggests she doesn't care about expensive items. Close ups have been used for example when Jessie J is sat on the chair. This is making Jessie's feelings more personal for the audience. A medium shot is used when Jessie is sat at the end of the bed watching television. Another close up is used and only Jessie is in focus. A long shot is used when Jessie is sat on the bed whilst on the telephone. The props used such as the telephone and fan are old fashioned which show she doesn’t care about wealth. A long shot is used when Jessie is sat on the bed with part of the sheet covering her. This is showing she needs time to think and needs the distance away from film. The lights begin flashing which connotes she is getting angry about people judging others. A long shot is used when Jessie is lying on the floor watching television. The television can connote all famous people who aren’t themselves and she is watching it to see what others are like. It can also represent that because of famous people that are from the media; most audiences will copy and try to be like them. It can represent the media is a bad influence.
There are medium shots of Jessie J’s bracelets on the bed and on the set of drawers when the water is coming into the room. They are getting pushed off the bed and drawers. This suggests that the water is washing away the fake parts of her life and the bracelets are representing her wealth. The water appears slowly in a close up of Jessie J. More water appears which is coming down faster. The water and the electric sparking connotes a storm. The storm can represent danger, chaos or a problem. It can represent the problems in her life. The video ends with the screen going black which suggests she wants to be out the spotlight. The song suggests that even though she has become famous she isn't bothered about the money and fame and it hasn't changed who she is. She is also telling the audience to stay who they are and doesn’t change for others which is what must people do. The end part of the video influences me when the water is on her face. This is showing her true self as it is connoting purity. This links with the lyrics and the water is cleansing her to show who she really is. For my music video I will use water to reflect the performer’s feelings and also as it links with the lyrics.
Adele - Someone Like You

 
This music video is for the song 'Someone Like You' by Adele which was released in 2011. This song is from the album '21' and the label is XL Recordings.
The video is set in black and white which suggests it is a memory. It is set in Paris which is seen as a romantic city so Adele walking there may be suggesting she used to be in love and now she is walking away. Adele is wearing a long black coat and she has her hair tied back a bit and some of it down. The video starts with a tracking shot of Adele walking. This can connote she is walking away from her past and walking to a fresh life. A close up is used and Adele is looking down. This suggests she is upset about breaking up with her boyfriend. It can also suggest she is singing to her boyfriend so she can't directly look at him as she feels hurt. It goes to a medium shot. Adele has her hands in her pocket. Through this shot you can see the scenery in the background. Close ups are used to show her emotions and to make a more personal connection with the audience. The camera pans to show other scenery such as the Eiffel Tower. The old bridges and statues in the background can connotes coldness and is showing this is what Adele's life is like now. This is reinforcing the audience Adele is still walking in Paris. This could suggest these are the old places she visited with her ex boyfriend. The camera is behind Adele which is showing she is leaving the past behind her. The camera pans around to show the side of her face. She isn't miming so it could suggest the song is what she is thinking at that moment. She is leaning against the side looking out to the water. A tracking shot is then used and she carries on walking. When she is walking there is no one walking past. This could suggest she is alone in her life now. An extreme close up is used on Adele's eyes, she is wearing more eye makeup. She is directly looking at the camera but she isn't miming. She looks down which connotes she is upset and it fades to show where she was walking. This can suggest that the old memories are fading away. Adele is in a new location where a man is in the background but isn't completely visible. He could be her ex boyfriend. A POV shot is used so the audience can see Adele looking around and can see the ex boyfriend walking away. This is showing that she is letting him go and also the memories she had with him. Even though this video is simple it influences me and I am going to use a tracking shot at the beginning of my artist walking to show she is forgetting her past as I think it is a good idea in this video.

Lyrics for my chosen song




The lyrics suggest that Adele has just broken up from her boyfriend and it ended badly and she still feels for him. The rain connotes her grief and that she is still upset that they split up.

Monday, 26 September 2011

History of music videos


A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a piece of music/song. Music videos are used to promote singers and bands. It is also for voyeuristic pleasure for the audience. The forms of music videos are usually abstract, performance based or they have a narrative. The term 'music video' first came into popular usage in early 1980's. 

Spooney Melodies, produced by Warner Brothers between 1926 and 1931, was arguably the first musical video short film series. They were usually about six minutes long and had footage of the performer singing and art animation.

Queen's ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ is considered the first real music video, in the sense that it was directed and edited for that purpose. ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ was made in 1975 and spent nine weeks at number one. £5000 was spent on the video which was a lot at the time. The music video consisted of low angles of the band which connotes they are big and dominant rock stars. The special effects weren’t part of the editing but were actually done whilst recording.

In the 1920’s and 1930’s music was shown like a short film. Musical films acted like music videos back in the 1930’s to 1950’s. There have been some well-known music videos which have imitated the style of classic Hollywood musicals such as Madonna’s 1985 video ‘Material Girl’ which was similar to ‘Diamonds Are A Girl’s Best friend’ from the film ‘Gentlemen Prefer Blondes’. In the 1940’s and 1950’s music became section in narrative film. Rock and Roll stars such as Elvis Presley dominated the music industry. Singers such as Elvis Presley and The Beatles made films to promote themselves. For example in 1964 The Beatles were in ‘Hard Day’s Night’ Dir. Dick Lester where they played themselves to promote the band and their music. Audiences were unable to see bands tour as the bands didn’t go to certain countries. For example Elvis Presley never came to the UK. The films allowed audiences to see their favourite singers perform. In ‘Hard Day’s Night’ The Beatles are trying to show audiences what their lives are like. In the sixties when rock n roll finished it went back to manufactured singers where song writers and managers would control them. In the 1960’s the band The Animals, song ‘House of the Rising Son’ a short promotional film was made where it featured The Animals lip-synched performance, portrayed through an edited sequence of tracking shots and close ups. 



In 1965 Bob Dylan was in a short promotional film ‘Don’t Look Back’ Dir. D.A.Pennebaker it was shot in black and white. It wanted audiences to understand the lyrics as it challenged authority and questioned values from before. 


Throughout late 1960's to 1970's promotional videos grew dramatically in importance of distribution of music worldwide. In 1974–1980 music television started to begin. In the late 1970's Top of The Pops started to show music videos on air, however the BBC limited the number of videos they could show each week to increase song sales as the viewer would hope to see the video which they liked the next week. In 1978 the music television show ‘Video Concert Hall’ was the first programme showing music videos in the US. Music television shows allowed audiences to watch their favourite artists perform without having to see them on tour.
In the 1980’s music videos became more important than the singer as more interesting narratives formed. For example in 1982 the band Wham’s song ‘Club Tropicana’ the music video gives an aspiration quality to audiences. The music video makes audiences wish they lived like that. Another example is ‘Sledgehammer’ by Peter Gabriel. The lyrics are interpreted via the mise en scene. The use of special effects also makes the video more appealing and memorable. In 1983, the most successful music video of all time was released which was Michael Jackson’s song ‘Thriller’. The music video was nearly 14 minutes long and cost $500,000 to film.

In 1981, the US channel MTV launched.  Music videos became mainstream when MTV launched the first 24-hour music channel.  By the mid 1980's this became a main part of music marketing. The first music video ever played on MTV was 'Video Killed the Radio Star' by The Buggles. MTV allowed audiences to watch their favourite artists in their own home. MTV itself now provides streams of artists' music videos on the Internet and has become the primary growth income market for record company-produced music videos. In 2005 the website ‘YouTube’ was launched. This allowed audiences to watch music videos faster and easier. By posting their music on YouTube some artists gained fame e.g. Jessie J and Justin Beiber which showed it was great for promotion. MTV launched other music channels such as VH1 in 1985 which featured softer music aimed at older audiences.

Distribution of music videos changed again because of the creation of VHS in the late 1980's/ early 1990's because audiences could buy a music video and watch it in their own homes. In 1992 MTV began listing directors with the artists. In the mid 1990’s Madonna’s ‘Vogue’ music video became a hit. Because of the music video the ‘vogue’ dance Madonna performed became famous. An example of narcissism is portrayed as Madonna is displaying herself in a stylish and sexy way. In 2000 director Spike Jonze directed Fatboy Slim’s song ‘Weapon of Choice’. Fatboy Slim doesn’t appear in his own music videos but instead in ‘Weapon of Choice’ Hollywood actor Christopher Walken does. He performs in the music video by dancing which is unusual for audiences to see as he plays gangster type characters in his films. Having an actor be in the video increased the promotion.   



There are all different ways of watching music videos nowadays such as the internet via Youtube or MySpace, the television or even on DVD. Music videos have always been made to promote artists.

Monday, 12 September 2011

Brief

For my A2 project i am going to design a promotion package for the release of an album, to include a music promo video. I have been asked to choose two of the following three options;
  • a website homepage for the band
  • a cover for it's release as part of a digipak (CD/DVD package)
  • a magazine advertisement for the digipak (CD/DVD package)
I have chosen a website hompage for the band and a magazine advertisement for the digipak (CD/DVD package)